Veterinary Oversight of Antimicrobial Use in Canada

Veterinary Oversight of Antimicrobial Use

From December 1, 2018 onward, a valid prescription will be required from a veterinarian before an individual can purchase any medically important antimicrobial, including those administered in animal feed.

The following considerations should be addressed by a veterinarian before prescribing a drug:

1. Establishment of a Valid Veterinarian-Client-Patient Relationship (VCPR)

Veterinarians should establish a valid Veterinarian-Client-Patient Relationship (VCPR) prior to providing veterinary medical services, including prescribing treatments. A legitimate VCPR exists only when medical records contain sufficient evidence of relevant and timely interaction between the veterinarian, the animal owner, and the animal patients.

The VCPR is not a signed contract but a working connection between the veterinarian, client, and specific animal patient or group of animals. It is not, by itself, an entitlement to prescribe or dispense medications. Each provincial and territorial veterinary statutory body defines VCPR in its own legislation.

2. Make an Evidence-Based Determination of Medical Need

It is the veterinarian’s responsibility to make an informed, evidence-based decision before prescribing a drug. This may require a shift in the traditional use of antimicrobials, as some animal owners or producers may be accustomed to requesting specific antimicrobials for prevention, control, or treatment of disease.

3. Complete Appropriate Documentation in the Medical Record

Veterinarians must maintain accurate medical records that include sufficient details such as patient history, consultations, laboratory investigations, and physical examination findings. These records must justify the prescription and use of the antimicrobial. A clear diagnosis or purpose for antimicrobial use must be recorded.

4. Provide Oversight of Use and Follow-Up

The definition of VCPR requires that the veterinarian responsible for medical decisions regarding an animal or group of animals must be available for follow-up or have arranged an appropriate alternate. This responsibility extends to prescribing any pharmaceuticals, including antimicrobials.

For more information on prescribing, dispensing, and VCPR, refer to Veterinary Oversight of Antimicrobial Use – A Pan-Canadian Framework for Professional Standards for Veterinarians. This document was created by the CVMA’s Veterinary Pharmaceutical Stewardship Advisory Group and the Canadian Council of Veterinary Registrars (CCVR) to help guide veterinary professionals as they assume greater responsibility.